This post is just to show that the different variants of Black-Scholes formula are in fact the same.
- $S$: Underlying share price
- $t$: Time to maturity
- $\sigma$: Standard deviation of underlying share price
- $K$: Exercise price
- $r_f$: Risk-free rate
Variant 1
This is the one shown in our formula sheet, and is also the traditional presentation of Black-Scholes model.
$$ \begin{equation} C=SN(d_1)-N(d_2)Ke^{-r_f t} \end{equation} $$
$$ \begin{equation} d_1=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{K})+(r_f+\frac{\sigma^2}{2})t}{\sigma \sqrt{t}} \end{equation} $$
$$ \begin{equation} d_2=d_1 - \sigma \sqrt{t} \end{equation} $$
Variant 2
This one comes from textbook, and looks slightly different in that $PV(K)$ replaces $K$ in the natural logarithm.
$$ \begin{equation} C=SN(d_1)-N(d_2)PV(K) \end{equation}$$
$$ \begin{equation} d_1=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{PV(K)})}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}+\frac{\sigma \sqrt{t}}{2} \end{equation} $$
$$ \begin{equation} d_2=d_1 - \sigma \sqrt{t} \end{equation} $$
However, it’s in fact easy to show that $d_1$ in eq. (5) is the same as in eq. (2): Under continuous compounding, $PV(K)=Ke^{-r_f t}$:
$$ \begin{align} d_1 &=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{PV(K)})}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}+\frac{\sigma \sqrt{t}}{2}\newline &=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{Ke^{-r_f t}})}{\sigma \sqrt{t}} +\frac{\frac{\sigma^2}{2}t}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}\newline &=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{Ke^{-r_f t}})+\frac{\sigma^2}{2}t}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}\newline &=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{K})+r_f t+\frac{\sigma^2}{2}t}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}\newline &=\frac{ln(\frac{S}{K})+(r_f+\frac{\sigma^2}{2})t}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}=eq. (2) \end{align} $$
Therefore, the two variants are effectively the same under continuous compounding.